COVID-19通常会影响肺部，从而导致 肺损伤. 有吸烟史吗, vaping or exposure to smoke 和 air pollution affect the likelihood of COVID-19 — or of having more severe COVID-19 disease?

Panagis Galiatsatos at 约翰霍普金斯湾景医疗中心 是为COVID-19患者看病的肺病专家. He explains the impact of smoking 和 other lung irritants on people at risk from — or infected with — the coronavirus.

电子烟和吸烟会增加感染COVID-19的风险吗?

吸烟与冠状病毒

The relationship between smoking 和 the coronavirus is still unclear. According to the Centers for Disease Control 和 Prevention (CDC), 当前吸烟者和有吸烟史的人 可能患严重冠状病毒病的风险更高.

Galiatsatos, a pulmonologist 和 critical care specialist who directs the 烟草治疗诊所 at 约翰霍普金斯湾景医疗中心, observes those effects firsth和. He 和 his colleagues recently completed meta-analysis showing that smoking raises the risk of severe coronavirus disease.

他说:“我们在吸烟者中发现了更严重的COVID-19病例。. “你的肺, 哪些在你的免疫系统的前沿, 每一次呼吸都在与环境互动吗.

“当你吸入香烟烟雾时, 细菌或过敏原, 你的肺会受到刺激, 和 that irritation unleashes the immune system to fight that irritation. A coronavirus infection on top of that means that your symptom response is going to be amplified.”

Though much more is to be revealed about the relationship between smoking 和 the coronavirus, there’s plenty we know now: Smoking is a proven risk factor for cardiovascular disease 和 肺部疾病，包括肺癌，再加上其他因素，这些因素可能会让你处于 出现严重COVID-19病例的风险更高.

吸电子烟会增加患冠状病毒的风险吗?

这是可能的. 一项研究测试了4个以上,300 young people for the coronavirus 和 found that those who vaped regularly were five to seven times more likely to test positive. 有证据表明 电子烟对肺部有害, which might increase the risk of coronavirus infection or a more serious case of COVID-19.

如果你吸烟或有吸烟史，你能做些什么

• 戒烟 如果你还没有. Remember that many people quit successfully after several tries. 和你的健康保健专业人士谈谈, apps 和 even medication can help support your commitment to quit smoking. “在烟草治疗诊所, we underst和 that a person’s dependence on tobacco is a medical problem, 这就是我们处理它的方法,加利亚萨托斯说. “We believe in support 和 encouragement, not trying to scare patients or make them feel ashamed.”
• The same goes for vaping 和 using e-cigarettes: the coronavirus p和emic is a good time to stop. If you use vapes or e-cigarettes that contain nicotine, work with your doctor to break the habit.
• If you’re a former smoker or vape user, don’t pick up the habit again. 学习更健康的方式 管理压力，改善健康 while the coronavirus p和emic keeps you from your normal activities.
• 接种疫苗. Several COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized for emergency use among specific age groups by the U.S. 美国食品和药物管理局. 约翰霍普金斯医学院 views all authorized COVID-19 vaccines as highly effective at preventing serious disease, 住院治疗, 以及死于COVID-19.
  了解更多关于 冠状病毒疫苗安全性 和 关于COVID疫苗，你需要知道什么.
• 要特别警惕 冠状病毒症状 打电话给你的医生 如果你觉得不舒服.

吸烟和电子烟会传播冠状病毒吗?

可能. Smokers 和 e-cigarette users alike have to take their face masks off when they smoke or vape. 所以即使在泡芙之间, 如果他们在不知不觉中感染了冠状病毒, they might exhale contagious droplets 和 aerosols into the air, 会被附近的人吸入吗.

Secondh和 cigarette smoke is known to cause health problems, 和 although there isn’t yet scientific proof that it can spread the coronavirus 和 cause COVID-19, 至少理论上是有可能的. “Secondh和 smoke can propel viruses into the air from the nose 和 throat,加利亚萨托斯说.

E-cigarettes also involve secondh和 “smoke,” since users exhale potentially infectious vapors. “电子烟会产生气溶胶, so they might be even more of a problem than combustible cigarettes in terms of spreading the coronavirus,加利亚萨托斯指出.

在室内吸烟或吸电子烟风险更大. 在封闭的环境中, 传染性飞沫和微粒会在空气中积聚, 如果没有通风，会让房间里的其他人处于危险之中.

How to Protect Yourself from Secondh和 Smoke 和 E-cigarette Vapors

• Avoid people who are smoking conventional or e-cigarettes, or vaping.
• 保持身体距离, avoid indoor gatherings 和 steer clear of people not wearing masks, 尤其是在室内.

野火和冠状病毒

森林大火, 哪些会在高温下发生, 干燥的天气, 向空气中释放大量烟雾, affecting not only local communities but entire states 和 even continents.

根据疾病预防控制中心的数据， 野火烟雾 contains gas 和 particles of burned trees, vegetation 和 buildings. Breathing in smoke can cause coughing 和 irritation to your respiratory system. 适合老年人, 孕妇, 肺病患者, 以及那些有感染COVID-19风险或正在康复的人, 吸入野火烟雾可能很危险.

Human behavior during wildfires 和 other environmental crises could add another factor, Galiatsatos说. “If a fire or other natural disaster causes families to have to leave their homes 和 shelter in a community area, 这让很多人聚在一起,他解释道. “That might make it hard to maintain at least 6 feet of physical distance, which could be a concern for people who are not fully vaccinated, 特别是如果该地区的COVID-19病例正在增加.”  

如果你生活在烟雾污染地区该怎么办

关注当地的报道和来自 U.S. 空气质素指数特别是如果您处于COVID-19风险或正在康复中. When surrounding air is unhealthy due to wildfires or any other air pollution, 待在室内，遵循以下步骤:

• Use an air filter 和 adjust your air conditioner or heating system to re-circulate air instead of drawing air from the outside.
• 不要吸烟，尤其是在家里.
• 避免使用壁炉或点燃蜡烛或熏香.
• 等到空气质量改善后再用吸尘器. (Vacuuming can re-circulate ash 和 particles that have settled on surfaces.)
• Follow your doctor’s recommendations if you have asthma or heart or lung disease.

如果你必须离开你的家，因为污染, be sure to pack fresh masks 和 h和 sanitizer in case you need to shelter in a community setting with others.