定向捐赠 occurs when a donor and recipient know each other. The donor and recipient may or may not be related. 在过去, 为了达到最佳效果, 献血者和接受者需要有匹配的血型，接受者的身体需要不敏感. 如果收件人不敏感, 这意味着受体的抗体不应该攻击来自供体的血液和组织, 导致器官排斥.

However, donors and recipients do not have to be an exact match. The Johns Hopkins 综合移植中心 developed a method, 称为血浆置换, 这使得“不匹配”的捐赠者仍然可以为接受者提供肾脏. 通过我们的 不兼容的 肾移植ation Program (InKTP) and our Highly Sensitized Patient Protocol, more options are available for non-matching, 直接捐助者和受援者.

另一个直接捐赠的选择是参加肾脏交换. 通过这种形式的捐赠, a donor and recipient may trade kidneys with another donor/recipient pair. 例如, if there were two donor/recipient sets, A和B, Donor A’s kidney would go to Recipient B, while Donor B’s kidney would go to Recipient A. When multiple donor/recipient pairs are used, this type of matching is called a Paired 肾脏 Exchange. 

非直达捐助者, 或者是无私的捐赠者, are individuals who choose to donate a kidney to an unknown recipient. This kind of donation has the potential to start a domino 肾脏捐献的效果.

The criteria for live donation of a kidney: 

• Must be in good physical and mental health
• 必须年满18岁
• Must have a body mass index (BMI) that is less than 35

必须不含下列成分:

• Uncontrolled high blood pressure in certain individuals
• 糖尿病
• 癌症
• 肝炎
• 器官疾病
• 传染病

成为活体捐赠者

The evaluation helps determine if, as the donor, you match the recipient. 在评估的第一阶段，你将接受组织分型和实验室筛选. 血液和组织类型检查，看看你和你的接受者是否兼容, and how well the kidney will be accepted by the recipient.

Comprehensive lab testing may include, but is not limited to, the following:

• 血液测试
• 尿检
• 子宫颈抹片/妇科检查
• 结肠镜检查 (50岁以上人士)
• 癌症筛查
• 抗体筛选

If these lab results are satisfactory, you’ll next meet with 移植医生 to discuss the procedure and its risks. 内科医生和外科医生会检查你的结果，并要求你做额外的检查, 比如x射线, 心电图, 或者放射检测.

这项测试将包括一整天的预约和诊断测试. 在此期间，您还将会见我们的心理学家，捐赠倡导者和护士协调员. 可能还需要进一步的检测.

检查完成后，您的病例将提交给多学科移植团队. 这个团队包括外科医生、肾病学家、心理学家、捐赠者倡导者和护士协调员. 他们代表你，在移植手术方面做出最符合你利益的决定.

注意这一点很重要, 作为捐赠者, you will have a different transplant team from your recipient. 你的团队只关心你. It is a common fear that donors are viewed as a kidney and not as a person; however, at the Johns Hopkins 综合移植中心在美国，器官捐献者和我们所有的推荐十大正规网赌平台一样，都得到了同样的考虑和尊重.

Note: At any time during the evaluation process, 直到手术那一刻, you are entitled to change your mind about the donation. 这个决定是由你的医生做出的，并且是完全保密的.

If you are approved for the donation after all of the tests are completed, 手术会安排好的. The surgery is usually scheduled four to six weeks in advance. 通常, a living kidney transplant donor spends two days in the hospital, and will have an additional four to six weeks of recovery time. 来自外地的献血者应计划在出院后在城里多待一周.

During recovery, you will experience some pain and discomfort. 这应该很容易通过处方药物或非处方止痛药缓解. 两个星期, 你应该避免开车。, 在手术后的六周内，你应该避免拿起任何重量超过10磅的东西. You are encouraged to walk several times a day. If you have children, you may need initial help in caring for them.

这取决于你的工作类型, 术后两周或八周后，你就可以重返工作岗位. There will be follow-up tests to monitor your health.

As with any surgery, live kidney donation has its risks:

• Anesthesia, and possible allergic reaction to anesthesia
• 疼痛和不适
• 感染
• Bleeding and blood loss which requires transfusion
• 血凝块
• 发热
• 恶心想吐
• 尿路感染
• 肺炎
• Injury to surrounding tissue and other organs
• 疤痕
• 死亡

约翰霍普金斯大学的一名移植外科医生领导了一项研究，监测活体肾脏捐赠者的长期生存情况，发现活体肾脏捐赠者的长期死亡率与普通大众相似或更低.

Donors should not take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). 泰诺是唯一的非处方止痛药，应该在捐赠后使用.
Download this alphabetical list of common NSAIDS to avoid. 这个列表并非包罗万象.

As a living donor, you should be aware of the financial aspects of donation.
由收款人保险承保: 

• 筛选试验
• 手术
• 一些后续护理

Not 由收款人保险承保:

• 下班时间
• 差旅费用
• Expenses for treatment of unrelated conditions (例如, if a screening test shows cancerous cells, 这种情况的治疗不包括在接受者的保险范围内。.

Donors should check with their own insurance prior to donation. 虽然不太可能，但捐献肾脏的行为可能会影响未来的保险范围. We recommend that you have insurance prior to donating a kidney.

用于差旅费和其他资金, the National Living Donor Assistance Center (NLDAC) offers a grant to donors. 捐赠人和受赠人都必须满足一定的收入条件，捐赠人才有资格接受捐赠.

If you are interested in becoming a living kidney donor, call 410-614-9345.